{
  "version": "2026-10-21",
  "note": "The clarity test of /english/accent-test/. Six lines to read; each word lists the sounds it carries. A word the browser's speech recognition did not write down points to its sounds; the tip comes from `sounds`, the first-language note from `firstLanguages[].notes`. Word lists first: without a sentence around them, the recognizer has to rely on the sound. say/speak lines are recorded (english/audio/accent-test/).",
  "lines": [
    {"id": "words-1", "kind": "words", "text": "think · very · ship · west · bag · light", "speak": "Think. Very. Ship. West. Bag. Light.",
      "words": [{"w": "think", "s": ["th-voiceless"]}, {"w": "very", "s": ["b-v", "v-w"]}, {"w": "ship", "s": ["ship-sheep", "sh-ch-j"]}, {"w": "west", "s": ["v-w", "final-consonants"]}, {"w": "bag", "s": ["bad-bed", "final-consonants"]}, {"w": "light", "s": ["r-l"]}]},
    {"id": "words-2", "kind": "words", "text": "three · vest · sheep · wine · bed · right", "speak": "Three. Vest. Sheep. Wine. Bed. Right.",
      "words": [{"w": "three", "s": ["th-voiceless", "r-l"]}, {"w": "vest", "s": ["v-w", "b-v"]}, {"w": "sheep", "s": ["ship-sheep"]}, {"w": "wine", "s": ["v-w"]}, {"w": "bed", "s": ["bad-bed", "final-consonants"]}, {"w": "right", "s": ["r-l"]}]},
    {"id": "words-3", "kind": "words", "text": "fan · pan · hat · cheap · jeans · zoo", "speak": "Fan. Pan. Hat. Cheap. Jeans. Zoo.",
      "words": [{"w": "fan", "s": ["p-f"]}, {"w": "pan", "s": ["p-f"]}, {"w": "hat", "s": ["h-sound", "bad-bed"]}, {"w": "cheap", "s": ["sh-ch-j", "ship-sheep"]}, {"w": "jeans", "s": ["sh-ch-j", "z-s"]}, {"w": "zoo", "s": ["z-s"]}]},
    {"id": "line-4", "kind": "sentence", "text": "My brother wanted fresh fish on Thursday.", "speak": "My brother wanted fresh fish on Thursday.",
      "words": [{"w": "my", "s": []}, {"w": "brother", "s": ["th-voiced", "r-l"]}, {"w": "wanted", "s": ["v-w", "ed-endings"]}, {"w": "fresh", "s": ["added-vowel", "sh-ch-j"]}, {"w": "fish", "s": ["ship-sheep", "p-f"]}, {"w": "on", "s": []}, {"w": "thursday", "s": ["th-voiceless"]}]},
    {"id": "line-5", "kind": "sentence", "text": "The weather was better than we thought.", "speak": "The weather was better than we thought.",
      "words": [{"w": "the", "s": ["th-voiced"]}, {"w": "weather", "s": ["th-voiced", "v-w"]}, {"w": "was", "s": ["z-s"]}, {"w": "better", "s": ["word-stress", "b-v"]}, {"w": "than", "s": ["th-voiced"]}, {"w": "we", "s": ["v-w"]}, {"w": "thought", "s": ["th-voiceless"]}]},
    {"id": "line-6", "kind": "sentence", "text": "At the market stall, I asked for warm bread.", "speak": "At the market stall, I asked for warm bread.",
      "words": [{"w": "at", "s": []}, {"w": "the", "s": ["th-voiced"]}, {"w": "market", "s": ["word-stress"]}, {"w": "stall", "s": ["s-clusters"]}, {"w": "i", "s": []}, {"w": "asked", "s": ["ed-endings", "s-clusters"]}, {"w": "for", "s": []}, {"w": "warm", "s": ["v-w"]}, {"w": "bread", "s": ["added-vowel", "r-l"]}]}
  ],
  "clarity": [
    {"min": 0.95, "label": "Very clear", "line": "Nearly every word was understood. A listener who does not know you would follow you easily."},
    {"min": 0.85, "label": "Clear", "line": "Most words were understood. A few could be misheard, usually the same sound each time."},
    {"min": 0.7, "label": "Mostly clear", "line": "Easy to follow with a little effort. The sounds below are the ones that got lost."},
    {"min": 0.5, "label": "Sometimes hard to follow", "line": "A listener would ask you to repeat some words. Start with the first sound below."},
    {"min": 0, "label": "Hard to follow", "line": "Many words were not understood. Check the microphone and a quiet room first, then work on one sound at a time."}
  ],
  "sounds": {
    "th-voiceless": {"name": "TH as in think", "ipa": "θ", "tip": "Put the tip of your tongue lightly between your teeth and blow air. No voice, like a soft hiss.", "say": "Three thin things on Thursday."},
    "th-voiced": {"name": "TH as in brother", "ipa": "ð", "tip": "Same tongue place as in think, but switch your voice on. You should feel a buzz on your tongue.", "say": "My brother and the other one."},
    "v-w": {"name": "V and W", "ipa": "v · w", "tip": "For V, touch your top teeth to your lower lip. For W, keep your teeth away and round your lips like a small O.", "say": "We were very well."},
    "b-v": {"name": "B and V", "ipa": "b · v", "tip": "B closes both lips. For V, only your top teeth touch your lower lip, and the sound keeps going.", "say": "A very big van."},
    "r-l": {"name": "R and L", "ipa": "r · l", "tip": "For L, the tongue tip touches the ridge behind your top teeth. For R, it pulls back and touches nothing.", "say": "A long red river road."},
    "ship-sheep": {"name": "Short I and long EE", "ipa": "ɪ · iː", "tip": "Ship is short and relaxed, with the mouth a little open. Sheep is long, with a wide smile.", "say": "Fish is fine. Feet need sleep."},
    "bad-bed": {"name": "A as in bag", "ipa": "æ", "tip": "Open your mouth wider than for bed and push the tongue low and forward. Bag and beg should sound different.", "say": "A black bag on the man's back."},
    "final-consonants": {"name": "Last sounds of words", "ipa": "-t -d -g", "tip": "Finish every word. Say the last sound clearly before you start the next word, even if it is quiet.", "say": "He walked past the best bread."},
    "added-vowel": {"name": "No extra vowel", "ipa": "CC", "tip": "Go straight from one consonant to the next. Bread is one beat, not be-read. Clap once for each word.", "say": "Fresh bread, best stall."},
    "s-clusters": {"name": "S at the start of a word", "ipa": "st- sp-", "tip": "Start with the hiss, not a vowel. Hold a long sss, then add the rest: sss-tall.", "say": "Stop at the stall on the street."},
    "ed-endings": {"name": "Past tense -ed", "ipa": "t · d · ɪd", "tip": "Asked ends in a quick T, with no extra syllable. Only words like wanted add one: want-ed.", "say": "I walked, asked and wanted more."},
    "h-sound": {"name": "H as in hat", "ipa": "h", "tip": "H is just breath. Breathe out as if you were fogging a mirror, then say the vowel. Don't scrape the throat.", "say": "He had half the honey."},
    "z-s": {"name": "Z and S", "ipa": "z · s", "tip": "Z is S with your voice on. Touch your throat: in zoo and jeans you should feel a buzz.", "say": "His things were at the zoo."},
    "sh-ch-j": {"name": "SH, CH and J", "ipa": "ʃ · tʃ · dʒ", "tip": "SH is one long sound. CH and J start with a short stop, like t-sh and d-zh.", "say": "Fresh cherries in a jar."},
    "p-f": {"name": "P and F", "ipa": "p · f", "tip": "P is a little pop from both lips. For F, top teeth touch the lower lip and air flows out.", "say": "Five fresh pieces of fish."},
    "word-stress": {"name": "Word stress", "ipa": "ˈ", "tip": "One syllable in each word is louder and longer. Say MAR-ket, BET-ter, not mar-KET.", "say": "Better at the market."}
  },
  "firstLanguages": [
    {"id": "tr", "name": "Turkish", "notes": {
      "v-w": "Turkish has no W, so west and wine often come out as vest and vine. Round your lips for W and keep your teeth away.",
      "th-voiceless": "Turkish has no TH: think often becomes tink or sink.",
      "th-voiced": "The TH in brother and the often becomes a D or a Z.",
      "bad-bed": "Turkish has one sound for both, so bag and beg, bad and bed can sound the same.",
      "final-consonants": "Turkish turns B, D and G at the end of a word into P, T and K, so bed can sound like bet.",
      "ship-sheep": "Both are close to Turkish i, so ship and sheep can sound the same.",
      "word-stress": "Turkish often stresses the end of a word; English often stresses the start: MAR-ket."}},
    {"id": "es", "name": "Spanish", "notes": {
      "b-v": "In Spanish B and V are the same sound, so very and berry, vest and best can merge.",
      "s-clusters": "Spanish adds an E before S and a consonant, so stall becomes es-tall.",
      "ship-sheep": "Spanish has one I sound, so ship and sheep sound alike.",
      "z-s": "Spanish S is never buzzed, so zoo can sound like sue.",
      "sh-ch-j": "SH and CH often mix (ship, chip), and J in jeans can sound like a Y.",
      "bad-bed": "The A in bag is not a Spanish sound and often comes out like the E in bed.",
      "th-voiced": "The TH in brother can come out as a soft D."}},
    {"id": "ar", "name": "Arabic", "notes": {
      "p-f": "Arabic has no P, so pan can sound like ban. Let a small puff of air out with P.",
      "b-v": "V is not an Arabic sound and often becomes F: very sounds like fery.",
      "added-vowel": "Arabic breaks up groups of consonants with a vowel, so bread can become be-read.",
      "ship-sheep": "Short vowels often mix: ship and sheep, bed and bid.",
      "bad-bed": "The A in bag and the E in bed can sound the same.",
      "r-l": "The Arabic R is rolled; the English R does not touch the roof of the mouth."}},
    {"id": "zh", "name": "Chinese", "notes": {
      "final-consonants": "Chinese syllables rarely end in a consonant, so the last sound of bag or bed can drop.",
      "th-voiceless": "TH often becomes S or F: think sounds like sink.",
      "r-l": "R and L can mix at the start of a word: right and light.",
      "v-w": "V and W can merge, so vest and west sound alike.",
      "ship-sheep": "Short and long vowels are not separate in Chinese: ship and sheep.",
      "z-s": "Z often loses its buzz: zoo sounds like sue."}},
    {"id": "ja", "name": "Japanese", "notes": {
      "r-l": "Japanese has one sound between R and L, so right and light merge. For L, touch the ridge behind your teeth; for R, touch nothing.",
      "b-v": "V often becomes B: very sounds like berry.",
      "added-vowel": "Japanese adds a vowel after consonants: bag can become bag-u.",
      "th-voiceless": "TH often becomes S: think sounds like sink.",
      "ship-sheep": "Ship and sheep can sound alike: make sheep clearly longer.",
      "final-consonants": "A last consonant can get a vowel after it or drop; finish bed and bag cleanly."}},
    {"id": "ko", "name": "Korean", "notes": {
      "p-f": "Korean has no F, so fan sounds like pan. Top teeth on the lower lip for F.",
      "z-s": "Z often becomes J: zoo sounds like joo.",
      "r-l": "R and L are one sound in Korean, so right and light merge.",
      "b-v": "V often becomes B: very sounds like berry.",
      "added-vowel": "A vowel can slip in after a last consonant: bag can become bag-eu.",
      "th-voiceless": "TH often becomes S or T."}},
    {"id": "pt", "name": "Portuguese", "notes": {
      "added-vowel": "Portuguese adds a vowel after a last consonant: bag can become bag-ee.",
      "h-sound": "H is silent in Portuguese, so hat can lose its H.",
      "th-voiceless": "TH often becomes F, T or S: think sounds like fink or tink.",
      "ship-sheep": "Ship and sheep can sound alike.",
      "bad-bed": "The A in bag can sound like the E in bed.",
      "final-consonants": "Last consonants can soften or get a vowel after them."}},
    {"id": "ru", "name": "Russian", "notes": {
      "v-w": "Russian has no W, so west sounds like vest and wine like vine.",
      "final-consonants": "Russian turns B, D and G at the end of a word into P, T and K: bed sounds like bet.",
      "ship-sheep": "Ship and sheep can sound alike.",
      "th-voiceless": "TH often becomes S, F or T.",
      "h-sound": "The Russian H is rough, like in Bach; the English H is only breath.",
      "bad-bed": "The A in bag often comes out like the E in bed."}},
    {"id": "fr", "name": "French", "notes": {
      "h-sound": "H is silent in French, so hat can sound like at.",
      "th-voiceless": "TH often becomes S or F: think sounds like sink.",
      "th-voiced": "The TH in the and brother often becomes a Z.",
      "word-stress": "French stresses the last syllable; English often stresses the first: MAR-ket, BET-ter.",
      "ship-sheep": "Ship and sheep can sound alike.",
      "r-l": "The French R is made in the throat; the English R is made with the tongue pulled back."}},
    {"id": "de", "name": "German", "notes": {
      "v-w": "German W is a V sound, so west sounds like vest and wine like vine.",
      "final-consonants": "German turns B, D and G at the end into P, T and K: bed sounds like bet, bag like back.",
      "th-voiceless": "TH often becomes S: think sounds like sink.",
      "th-voiced": "The TH in the often becomes a Z or D.",
      "bad-bed": "The A in bag can sound like the E in bed.",
      "z-s": "German S before a vowel is buzzed, so S and Z can swap."}},
    {"id": "hi", "name": "Hindi or another Indian language", "notes": {
      "v-w": "V and W are one sound in many Indian languages, so vest and west, vine and wine merge.",
      "th-voiceless": "TH often becomes a firm T: think sounds like tink.",
      "th-voiced": "The TH in the and brother often becomes a firm D.",
      "word-stress": "Indian languages give syllables more equal weight; English makes one syllable stronger: MAR-ket.",
      "z-s": "Z can become J: zoo sounds like joo.",
      "s-clusters": "An I can slip in before S and a consonant: stall sounds like is-tall."}},
    {"id": "it", "name": "Italian", "notes": {
      "h-sound": "H is silent in Italian, so hat can sound like at.",
      "added-vowel": "Italian words end in a vowel, so bag can become bag-a.",
      "th-voiceless": "TH often becomes T: think sounds like tink.",
      "th-voiced": "The TH in the often becomes a D.",
      "ship-sheep": "Ship and sheep can sound alike.",
      "bad-bed": "The A in bag can sound like the E in bed."}},
    {"id": "fa", "name": "Persian", "notes": {
      "v-w": "Persian uses V where English has W, so west can sound like vest.",
      "s-clusters": "Persian adds a vowel before S and a consonant: stall becomes es-tall.",
      "added-vowel": "A vowel can break up groups of consonants: bread becomes be-read.",
      "th-voiceless": "TH often becomes T or S.",
      "ship-sheep": "Ship and sheep can sound alike.",
      "bad-bed": "The A in bag can sound like the E in bed."}},
    {"id": "vi", "name": "Vietnamese", "notes": {
      "final-consonants": "Last consonants are often dropped or swallowed: bed sounds like be, bag like ba.",
      "th-voiceless": "TH often becomes T: think sounds like tink.",
      "s-clusters": "Groups of consonants get shorter: stall can sound like sall.",
      "sh-ch-j": "SH and S can mix, and CH and J can sound alike.",
      "z-s": "Z often loses its buzz: zoo sounds like sue.",
      "ship-sheep": "Ship and sheep can sound alike."}},
    {"id": "en", "name": "English", "notes": {}},
    {"id": "other", "name": "Another language", "notes": {}}
  ]
}